Q6.4. The pesticide was considered safe enough to be sprayed widely through US towns. While it is effective as an insecticide, its potent toxicity isn't limited to insects. The WHO position is consistent with the Stockholm Convention on POPs, which bans DDT for all uses except for malaria control. DDT can be absorbed by eating, breathing, or touching products contaminated with DDT. DDT can convert into DDE, and both persist in body and environment. ddt is an insecticide that was used extensively. A group of men from Todd Shipyards Corporation run their first public test of an insecticidal fogging machine at Jones Beach in New York. 3. It also was used for eradicating insects harmful to crops and livestock, and it was embraced for use around homes and gardens as well. DDT is one of the most controversial chemical compounds in recent history. Proponents argue that DDT has a good human health record and that alternatives to DDT are more hazardous to the user and more costly. Twenty years ago, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, along with other scientific organizations,published a studylinking DDT to an epidemic of premature births, which is a contributing factor to infant mortality. . Other possible long-range alternatives to DDT were tested in 1974, as well. Do you think this population of snails will evolve as predators start eating them? This substance is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It was very effective at first, but after a few decades DDT became less effective at killing mosquitoes because many populations had evolved resistance to DDT. Crab predation does not result in differential survival, because compared to thin-shelled snails, thick-shelled snails are more likely to survive in the presence of crabs. People who are heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele: Are not susceptible to either sickle-cell anemia or malaria. (Hint: you can answer this with one calculation.). Carey Gillam is ajournalist and author, and a public interest researcher forUS Right to Know, a not-for-profit food industry research group. Selection favoring heterozygotes is weaker in the slightly wet region, so observed frequencies are closer to those predicted by the null model. Why or why not? sprouts, corn, and other crops (3). Q3.11. On February 26, 1974, EPA granted a request by the Forest Service for use of DDT to combat the Douglas-fir tussock moth epidemic in the Northwest. \mathrm{kJ}, w=-65 \mathrm{~kJ} The persistence of DDT in the environment, one of its most useful insecticidal properties, was also one of its most concerning in regards to its environmental impact. It is very toxic to aquatic life, with-long lasting effects.This substance is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. While webbed feet were evolving in ancestral ducks, with each generation: Most ducks had about the same amount of webbing on their feet as their parents. Many other chemicals are now known to be EDCs, and both Cohn and Brody said we could head off many health problems by curtailing use. These amendments provide EPA with more effective pesticide regulation mechanisms than were previously available under the FIFRA. Her most recent book is Whitewash: The Story of a Weed Killer, Cancer, and the Corruption of Science. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Q2.7. In November 1969, USDA initiated action to cancel all DDT registrations for use against pests of shade trees, aquatic areas, the house and garden and tobacco. DDT has humble origins for a chemical that would eventually reach much of the world. In pregnant women, DDT and DDE exposure can occur in the fetus. The information on this site is provided for educational and entertainment purposes only. Many countries where malaria is common have switched from DDT to other insecticides, however, not all of these attempts have been successful. The major uses of DDT by the Forest Service have been against the gypsy moth and the spruce budworm. Which of the following is evidence that malaria creates a heterozygote advantage at the Hb locus? In 1945, DDT was released for commercial sale and became widely used for insect control in crop and livestock production, institutions, homes, and gardens. Where malaria is common, people with which genotype are the most fit? Calculate E\Delta EE for each the following case. DDT also has serious health effects on humans. (Hint: Adjust the slider to the value of p that yields p2 = 0.1.). Summary: Pesticides are ubiquitous. xY) Y{,Nq4W+Ca ?,c$rMP$Z?3(t70CT4:Da+V~WVve/Uw{nY7f6muz^*FuUUV7(-:~6k6}WvR(zWmN`Wq~qE|r/\]]+|?__M(A>Kkg6E@ z_[cx| G,k9|pbKl]:F%?OfmEMt+D{Etp).fF> OFrqP>?p0Lo}*8^O|=3`P^W/dvP. European green crabs preferentially eat periwinkle snails with which characteristic? Q3.15. "DDT- A Brief History and Status." DDT exports increased from 12 percent of the total production in 1950 to 67 percent in 1969. On June 14, 1972, the EPA Administrator announced the final cancellation of all remaining crop uses of DDT in the U.S. effective December 31, 1972. Following exposure to high doses, human symptoms can include vomiting, tremors or shakiness, and seizures. Fogging DDT to fight malaria, encephalitis, dengue, and zika in Balik Pulau, Penang. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. A similar application was approved on February 22, 1974, for use of DDT during the 1974 growing season. Now that you've seen the results of one trial, how do you think the distribution of shell thickness will change over time in future trials without differential survival? No. Injustices Throughout History and Today, 12 Plants That Repel Unwanted Insects (Including Mosquitoes), Everything You Need to Know About Animal Testing for Cosmetics, The Great Pacific Garbage Patch: Overview, Impacts, and Solutions. Biologists believe that ducks evolved from land birds that did not have webbed feet. DDT is an insecticide that was used extensively in the mid-1900s to kill mosquitoes. Following World War II, it was promoted as a wonder-chemical, the simple solution to pest problems large and small. 19-24. Biomonitoring studies of serum DDT and DDE provide physicians and public health officials with reference values. In all of these future populations, the cystic fibrosis allele still exists at a low frequency. DDT (molar mass = 354.49 g/mol) was a widely used insecticide that was banned from use in the United States in 1973. The ______ does most of the focusing of light in the eye. A researcher observed that lizards living in areas with predatory birds have longer horns than those in areas with no predatory birds. In the above example, which genotype is represented by 2pq? %PDF-1.3 rudy near rome, metropolitan city of rome; 22mm cuban link chain; scala implicit val vs implicit def. California Just Banned Chlorpyrifos. Transcribed image text: DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was used extensively from 1940 to 1970 as an insecticide. Based on the graph and without any other information, which of the following is most likely true? Yes, the population will evolve toward thicker shells, because the snails need protection against predatory crabs. One concern regarding the use of DDT in certain areas of the world is that no country exists in isolation. When the hearing ended in March 1972, the transcripts of 9,312 pages contained testimony from 125 expert witnesses and over 300 documents. This observation led her to hypothesize that longer horns offer more protection against predation than do shorter horns. The bodies of animals near the top of the food chain, such as predatory birds like eagles, hawks, pelicans, condors and other meat-eating birds, often have the highest DDT levels. Your use of this website indicates your agreement to these terms and those published here. DDT was used in the second half of World War II to limit the spread of the insect-borne diseases malaria and typhus among civilians and troops. also known as dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane, used to control insect vectors of disease, DDT in mothers linked to developmental delays in children, UC Berkeley study finds (press release), DDT still poisons people and wildlife in Michigan 40 years after being banned, DDT compounds found at deadly levels in Michigan birds and eggs, Study shows DDT to be toxic to nervous systems of babies, Monsantos DDT pesticide could raise breast cancer risk by 370%, Glucophage uses, health risks, and side effects at NaturalPedia.com, Norvasc uses, health risks, and side effects at NaturalPedia.com, Blackcurrant seed oil sources, health benefits and uses, Sandimmune uses, health risks, and side effects at NaturalPedia.com. Q1.15. DDT is considered to be anendocrine-disrupting chemical, or an EDC, a category of chemicals that researchers find particularly worrisome because of evidence that they alter and disrupt hormones important to good health, including reproductive health, as well as neurological and immune functions. However, its use has declined due to its persistence in the environment and potential for causing health problems. (Hint: this question requires subtraction.). physiology of muscle contraction. In areas where malaria is undeterred by other insecticides, DDT may be the only way to control mosquito populations and reduce fatalities from malarial disease. Sign up for email updates on nature, environmental politics, living well, and doing good. In addition to domestic consumption, large quantities of DDT have been purchased by the Agency for International Development and the United Nations and exported for malaria control. Why didn't this happen in your experiment? Q3.12. The allele does not offer any fitness advantage and the population is small. Hypersensitive to stimulation, a sensation of prickling, tingling or creeping on skin. What best explains the differences in HbS allele frequencies among these regions? DDT got into the . Many people mistakenly assume that DDT is no longer in use. Q2.5. The EPA Administrator further announced that no suspension of the registration of DDT products was warranted because evidence of imminent hazard to the public welfare was lacking. Please click here to see any active alerts. In her book, Carson detailed how a single drop of DDT applied to crops lingered for weeks and months, even after a rainfall. What Is the Environmental Impact of Going Vegan? DDT's quick success as a pesticide and broad use in the United States and other countries led to the development of resistance by many insect pest species. who would win in a fight libra or sagittarius; advanced spelling bee words for adults; san antonio spurs coaching staff 2021; Also known as dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane, it is one of the most effective yet controversial synthetic insecticides ever developed. The chemical does not easily break down and is known by scientists to accumulate in the tissues of animals. Pure DDT is a colourless crystalline solid that melts at 109 C (228 F); the commercial product, which is usually 65 to 80 percent . DDT and its related chemicals persist for a long time in the environment and in animal tissues. The principal crops affected by this action were cotton, citrus, and certain vegetables. Q5.4. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is an insecticide used in agriculture. Q5.3. According to the EPA, DDT can cause liver damage including liver cancer, nervous system damage, birth defects, and other reproductive harm. The amount of webbing on a duck's feet is a heritable trait. Which of the following statements is FALSE? DDT is a possible human carcinogen according to U.S. and International authorities. After 1959, DDT usage in the U.S. declined greatly, dropping from a peak of approximately 80 million pounds in that year to just under 12 million pounds in the early 1970s. How do you interpret your results for the dry region with no sickle-cell disease? The frequency of the HbA/HbS genotype is higher in the very wet region than it is in the dry region. Q6.9. Q3.13. It was very effective at first, but after a few decades DDT became less effective at killing mosquitoes because many populations had evolved resistance to DDT. DDT was banned outright in the 1970s in many countries. What can you conclude from the researcher's results? In January 1971, under a court order following a suit by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), EPA issued notices of intent to cancel all remaining Federal registrations of products containing DDT. Which snail population has the larger range of variation in shell thickness? Environmental Protection Agency. FrQ&';Jm%}W#'"~Jz@sd=*9o ykoI cnvu N {9c@k=+sP:GSh"*E`6o-z@CNL\ wAGk/v[mvu D)F The findings support the theory thatgrandmother exposures to DDT could have contributed to a dramatic increase in obesity seen today in young adult women, and that exposure to DDT just before or after birth is associated with breast cancer risk factors for at least three generations, according to the study. In April 1973, EPA, in accordance with authority granted by the amended law, required that all products containing DDT be registered with the Agency by June 10, 1973. Immediately following the DDT prohibition by EPA, the pesticides industry and EDF filed appeals contesting the June order with several U.S. courts. The United States banned the use of DDT in 1972. 11, 2009, pp. DDT is still used today in South America, Africa, and Asia for this purpose. what is an aquitard quizlet; ketones normal range urine; scala ordering vs ordered; 2-methylpropanal structure; who is the payee in child support. There is no selection. Finding measurable amounts of DDT and DDE in serum does not imply that the levels of these chemicals cause an adverse health effect. An alternative hypothesis stating that heterozygotes have a fitness advantage would predict which of the following? 1940s DDT was used as the first modern synthetic insecticide to control insect in agriculture, housing, institutes and to combat . Biomonitoring data also help scientists plan and conduct research on exposure and health effects. Q6.5. After Carson's alert to the public concerning the dangers of improper pesticide use and the need for better pesticide controls, it was only natural that DDT, as one of the most widely used pesticides of the time, should come under intensive investigation. ddt-is-an-insecticide-that-was-used-extensively-quizlet 939c2ea5af ddt is an insecticide that was used extensively quizlet, ddt is an insecticide that was used extensively in the mid-1900s to kill mosquitoes quizlet https://williamheald226kff . We take your privacy seriously. Q1.10. Heritability 103, no. IVM is a decision-making process for use of resources to yield the best possible results in vector control, and that it be kept out of agricultural sectors. Q2.8. Could individuals of a species look different today than individuals of the same species did many generations ago? Fry, D. M. "Reproductive Effects in Birds Exposed to Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals." By measuring DDT and DDE in the serum, scientists can estimate the amounts of these chemicals entering peoples bodies. On the basis of information acquired during these sessions, the Administrator concluded that the potential for an economic emergency existed in 1974 and that no effective alternative to DDT was available. Q1.8. Many students predict that the snail shell thickness will evolve even without heritability because the snails adapt and grow thicker shells to escape from crab predation. DDT was also used in buildings for pest control. Consider Seely's study as a whole, assess how well her data provide support for the hypothesis that evolution by natural selection had occurred in flat periwinkles. What pattern best describes the relationship between frequency of HbS and malaria prevalence (as indicated on the map)? Use the following additional passage to answer the next question. Environmental Protection Agency. bvzm8>OIGbBrbe2?p-~CyPk*B=8k:px\2[)s(BR.FWn$40!W[7QVs:?SuNqZwgD[E-jt8Z,=e Mv-.Qs c Q1.6. If you were to start sampling the cystic fibrosis allele from one generation to the next, what should happen to its frequency over the next few generations, and why? It is random. Barry-Caban, Christobal S. "DDT and Silent Spring: Fifty Years After." Based on your data and on what you know about the simulated populations, which allele is more likely to become fixed in the small population? Because of the decision not to suspend, companies were able to continue marketing their products in interstate commerce pending the final resolution of the administrative cancellation process. It was initially used with great effect to combat malaria, typhus, and the other insect-borne human diseases among both military and civilian populations. DDT was also used to protect soldiers from insect-borne diseases such as malaria and typhus during World War II, and it remains a valuable public health tool in parts of the tropics. Flat periwinkle shell thickness affects periwinkle survival when crab predators are present. Snails with any mutation (toward thinner or thicker shells) are subject to the same selective forces (crab predation) and those with thicker shells survive better. In 1964, the Secretary of the Interior issued a directive stating that the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons on Interior lands should be avoided unless no other substitutes were available. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Consider the following hypothetical scenario: An ancestral species of duck had a varied diet that included aquatic plants and terrestrial plants and insects. Which of the following would be sufficient for the Hardy-Weinberg equation to accurately predict genotype frequencies from allele frequencies? What is the expected frequency of heterozygotes, based on your null model? And as an insecticide, it was incredibly efficient, killing not only mosquitoes but a host of other insects as well. Considered a general insecticide, DDT kills everything from beetles and lice to fleas and houseflies. Was her prediction supported by the data? Starting in the 1950s, this pesticide was used to kill mosquitoes and sprayed on crops to kill pests. Robin Seeley predicted that she would see evidence for change in periwinkle shell thickness after the green crab arrived. Perform the metric conversion: 10 mL = ___________ L. You have been posted to a remote region of space to monitor traffic. Ducks with more webbing were better at eating aquatic plants than ducks with less webbing, so the ducks with more webbing survived and reproduced better than ducks with less webbing. how does ddt kill DDT kills by opening sodium ion channels in the neurons, causing them to fire spontaneously leading to spasms and eventual death. DDT is considered to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical, or an EDC, a category of chemicals that researchers find particularly worrisome because of evidence that they alter and disrupt hormones important to good health, including reproductive health, as well as neurological and immune functions. DDT is a synthetic insecticide belonging to a class of chemicals called organochlorides. After the war, DDT use continued to soar. Juni 2022; Beitrags-Kategorie: chances of getting cancer in 20s reddit Beitrags-Kommentare: joshua taylor bollinger county mo joshua taylor bollinger county mo Why are the observed and expected frequencies of heterozygotes more similar to each other in the slightly wet region than they are in very wet region? These conditions are related to cardiometabolic problems such as insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and high blood pressure, and increased risk for breast cancer and some other cancers. The graphs below represent her findings. In which regions would the HbA/HbS genotype be associated with an overall fitness DISADVANTAGE, and why? This treaty is known as the Stockholm Convention on POPs, which only allowed use of DDT for controlling malaria. In dry regions, because there is no advantage where there is no malaria, and people with the HbA/HbS genotype sometimes produce children with sickle-cell disease. If the cystic fibrosis allele protects against tuberculosis the same way the sickle-cell allele protects against malaria, then which of the following should be true of a comparison between regions with and without tuberculosis? High concentrations of DDT in these birds caused thinning of their eggshells and breeding failure. Today, nearly 40 years after DDT was banned in the U.S., we continue to live with its long-lasting effects: Proudly created withWix.com, Ddt-is-an-insecticide-that-was-used-extensively-quizlet. July 1945. Which of the following histograms show the correct representation of the snail shell thickness data 4, 7, 2, 5, 4, 3? "Persistent Organic Pollutants: A Global Issue, a Global Response." For your data from the Very Wet region, what is HbS persistence? A person who is heterozygous for the cystic fibrosis allele moves to a small, isolated community where no one previously carried the allele. The hypothesis that longer horns offer greater protection against predation is NOT supported. DDT's insecticidal action was discovered by the Swiss chemist Paul Hermann Mller in 1939. % Scientists began voicing concerns about the environmental effects of DDT as early as the 1940s; however, it wasnt until Rachel Carson wrote the book Silent Spring in 1962 that widespread public concern began to grow. DDT was used to control insect vectors of disease, especially malaria. What proportion of the population should be homozygous HbS/HbS? 4 0 obj On December 2, 1970, major responsibility for Federal regulation of pesticides was transferred to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). There is currently no evidence in humans that DDT causes cancer or reproductive problems; however, workers exposed to large concentrations during application have reported a variety of neurological effects. Q3.4. Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Utah, Virginia, and Washington have all placed some limitation on the use of DDT. Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: 22. Certain characteristics of DDT which contributed to the early popularity of the chemical, particularly its persistence, later became the basis for public concern over possible hazards involved in the pesticide's use. DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) was developed as the first of the modern synthetic insecticides in the 1940s. There may be evolution of shell thickness, but not through natural selection and not necessarily toward thicker shells. Environmental Protection Agency. During the 30 years prior to its cancellation, a total of approximately 1,350,000,000 pounds of DDT was used domestically. The population is not evolving due to any of the conditions that disrupt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. On warm summer nights, trucks carrying DDT would roll down residential streets, fogging entire neighborhoods with the chemical to combat mosquitoes. odor . 7, 1995, pp. The publication in 1962 of Rachel Carson's Silent Springstimulated widespread public concern over the dangers of improper pesticide use and the need for better pesticide controls. Colombia to Resume Fumigating Its Coca Fields With Glyphosate, Missouri Farmer Wins $265 Million Verdict Against Monsanto. Since the introduction of DDT for mosquito control in 1946, DDT resistance at various levels has been reported from more than 50 species of anopheline mosquitoes, including many that spread malaria. According to the calculator, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes when p2 is 0.1? Truth Publishing assumes no responsibility for the use or misuse of this material. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Q6.7. For insect-eating birds, this poses a significant problem. Robin Seeley designed her experiment to test the hypothesis that crab predation resulted in differential survival among these snails. The use of DDT is banned in many countries, like the U.S., but it is still used (legally or illegally) in some places. Q3.17. When there is only a single allele present in the population. 4, 2011, pp. Definition, Examples, and Environmental Concerns, Understanding Agent Orange: History, Impacts, and Environmental Justice, Organic Farming: History, Timeline, and Impact, The 7 Best Natural Insect Repellents of 2023, What Is Environmental Racism? Use the following passage to answer the next two questions. All four reports recommended an orderly phasing out of the pesticide over a limited period of time. Once in the body, DDT collects primarily in fat tissue and remains there for quite some time. Why Wont the EPA? DDT is an insecticide that was used extensively in the mid-1900s to kill mosquitoes. Polukranos, Unchained Deathtouch, Okc Thunder Draft Picks 2020, Ddt Is An Insecticide That Was Used Extensively Quizlet, Part 21 Companies Act 2006, . Yes, her prediction is supported by the data. On April 27, 1973, EPA granted a request by the States of Washington and Idaho for a temporary registration of DDT for use against the pea leaf weevil. Q5.7. 110, no. Are these changed consistent in direction and magnitude? There can be these long-term effects that you cant immediately see, she said. If the frequency of the HbS allele is 0.2 in a population, what is the frequency of the HbA allele (assuming this is a two-allele system)? The Silent Spring Institute studies the links between chemicals and womens health with a particular focus on breast cancer. DDT was initially used by the military during World War II to control malaria, typhus, body lice, and bubonic plague. Which answer best describes what can be concluded from the results of this experiment? Many generations later, almost all ducks had more webbing on their feet. Some bed bugs were resistant to DDT by the 1940s. DDT and Malaria. products. Both the pros and cons of DDT use were considered by four Government committees who issued the following reports: (1) may 1963, "Use of Pesticides," A Report of the President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC); (2) November 1965, "Restoring the Quality of Our Environment," A Report of the Environmental Protection Panel, PSAC; (3) May 1969, Report of the Committee on Persistent Pesticides, Division of Biology and Agriculture, National Research Council, to the Agriculture Department; (4) December 1969, Mrak Commission Report. Did the change in this hypothetical example happen for the same reason as the change in shell thickness when you were playing crab? In severe cases: convulsions, seizures, coma and respiratory depression. Flat periwinkle shell thickness is variable ddt is an insecticide that was used extensively quizletc'est dans les moments difficiles citationc'est dans les moments difficiles citation It is asynthetic chemical compound that doesnt occur in nature. After 1945, agricultural and commercial usage of DDT became widespread in the U.S. (Reminder: the calculator generates expected frequencies, not observed frequencies. Shortly thereafter, particularly during World War II, the U.S. began producing large quantities of DDT for control of vector-borne diseases such as typhus and malaria abroad. BIOL1001: QUIZ 5 -Genetic Drift, Gene Flow, N, Mastering Biology Chapter 34 Amphibian Popula, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Lesson 25 Study Set 1 (Position, Velocity, Ac. The United States banned the use of DDT in 1972. DDT should be used "with caution" in combating malaria, a panel of scientists reported today. Environmental Protection Agency. DDT can cause liver damage including liver cancer, nervous system damage, birth defects, and other reproductive harm. . It consisted primarily of DDT application to the interior surfaces of rural homes or entire premises in counties where malaria was reported to have been prevalent in recent years. The Convention includes a limited exemption for the use of DDT to control mosquitoes that transmit the microbe that causes malaria - a disease that still kills millions of people worldwide. Previous findings showed that daughters of the women who had more DDT in their blood had a much heightened risk for breast cancer and increased prevalence of obesity, while sons had heightened risks for testicular cancer. "Global Status of DDT and Its Alternatives for Use in Vector Control to Prevent Disease." If p represents the frequency of HbA, what is the expected frequency of HbA when the observed frequency of HbS/HbS is 0.83? CDC twenty four seven. Q1.12. you take it off the market then the harm will be gone. Due to the initiation of numerous court proceedings regarding the use of DDT, on October 21, 1972, the Federal Environmental Pesticides Control Act was enacted. Q3.20. It moves from crayfish, frogs, and fish into the bodies of animals that eat them. EPA works with other agencies and countries to advise them on how DDT programs are developed and monitored, with the goal that DDT be used only within the context of programs referred to asIntegrated Vector Management. Q3.18. This accumulated build-up is known as bioaccumulation, and DDT is described by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a persistent, bioaccumulative toxin. The EPA order designated spray restrictions, monitoring guidelines, and research requirements for the control program. 1,%:"/!yEkN5QR3uSc9c(F1F6JNccjr1G"MpT2}2n^j]A0r}=cI2R4/`1 Something went wrong. Causes, Impact, and Mitigation, The Environmental Impact of Cosmetics Is TremendousHere's How They're Harmful, not all of these attempts have been successful, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): Ubiquity, Persistence, and Risks, Global Status of DDT and Its Alternatives for Use in Vector Control to Prevent Disease, Reproductive Effects in Birds Exposed to Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals, DDT Regulatory History: A Brief Survey (to 1975), Persistent Organic Pollutants: A Global Issue, a Global Response.
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