TV Host (Archival):Ladies and gentlemen, the reason for using first names only forthese very, very charming contestants is that right now each one of them is breaking the law. Before Stonewall | The New York Public Library Well, it was a nightmare for the lesbian or gay man who was arrested and caught up in this juggernaut, but it was also a nightmare for the lesbians or gay men who lived in the closet. It is usually after the day at the beach that the real crime occurs. Barbara Gittings and Kay Tobin Lahusen Gay History Papers and Photographs, Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations New York City's Stonewall Inn is regarded by many as the site of gay and lesbian liberation since it was at this bar that drag queens fought back against police June 27-28, 1969. I wanted to kill those cops for the anger I had in me. Revealing and. It was like a reward. It won the Best Film Award at the Houston International Film Festival, Best Documentary Feature at Filmex, First Place at the National Educational Film Festival, and Honorable Mention at the Global Village Documentary Festival. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:Well, I had to act like I wasn't nervous. Things were just changing. Windows started to break. It must have been terrifying for them. and I didn't see anything but a forest of hands. Jerry Hoose:And I got to the corner of Sixth Avenue and Eighth Street, crossed the street and there I had found Nirvana. Things were being thrown against the plywood, we piled things up to try to buttress it. Raymond Castro:So finally when they started taking me out, arm in arm up to the paddy wagon, I jumped up and I put one foot on one side, one foot on the other and I sprung back, knocking the two arresting officers, knocking them to the ground. Doric Wilson:And we were about 100, 120 people and there were people lining the sidewalks ahead of us to watch us go by, gay people, mainly. And they started smashing their heads with clubs. We'd say, "Here comes Lillian.". Alan Lechner In the sexual area, in psychology, psychiatry. They'd think I'm a cop even though I had a big Jew-fro haircut and a big handlebar mustache at the time. I didn't think I could have been any prettier than that night. All I knew about was that I heard that there were people down in Times Square who were gay and that's where I went to. They'd go into the bathroom or any place that was private, that they could either feel them, or check them visually. Somebody grabbed me by the leg and told me I wasn't going anywhere. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:It was a bottle club which meant that I guess you went to the door and you bought a membership or something for a buck and then you went in and then you could buy drinks. Danny Garvin:He's a faggot, he's a sissy, queer. Review: 'Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community' Activists had been working for change long before Stonewall. Dan Bodner A few of us would get dressed up in skirts and blouses and the guys would all have to wear suits and ties. Martha Shelley:We participated in demonstrations in Philadelphia at Independence Hall. Stonewall Forever is a documentary from NYC's LGBT Community Center directed by Ro Haber. When police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in the Greenwich Village section of New York City on June 28, 1969, the street erupted into violent protests that lasted for the next six days. If you would like to read more on the topic, here's a list: Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify and NPR One. Dana Kirchoff And here they were lifting things up and fighting them and attacking them and beating them. This was the first time I could actually sense, not only see them fearful, I could sense them fearful. Gay bars were always on side streets out of the way in neighborhoods that nobody would go into. Some of the pre-Stonewall uprisings included: Black Cat Raid, Los Angeles, California, 1967 Black Night Brawl, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, August 5, 1961. Raymond Castro:So then I got pushed back in, into the Stonewall by these plain clothes cops and they would not let me out, they didn't let anybody out. Leaflets in the 60s were like the internet, today. If you came to a place like New York, you at least had the opportunity of connecting with people, and finding people who didn't care that you were gay. To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Stonewall riots in New York City, activists rode their motorcycles during the city's 1989 gay-pride parade. But it's serious, don't kid yourselves about it. Richard Enman (Archival):Ye - well, that's yes and no. Creating the First Visual History of Queer Life Before Stonewall Making a landmark documentary about LGBTQ Americans before 1969 meant digging through countless archives to find traces of. That this was normal stuff. Hear more of the conversation and historical interviews at the audio link. Richard Enman (Archival):Present laws give the adult homosexual only the choice of being, to simplify the matter, heterosexual and legal or homosexual and illegal. Brief Summary Of The Documentary 'Before Stonewall' | Bartleby Dana Gaiser Obama signed the memorandum to extend benefits to same-sex partners of federal employees. But after the uprising, polite requests for change turned into angry demands. Paul Bosche The scenes were photographed with telescopic lenses. Danny Garvin:We became a people. John O'Brien:In the Civil Rights Movement, we ran from the police, in the peace movement, we ran from the police. John O'Brien:I was very anti-police, had many years already of activism against the forces of law and order. Scott Kardel, Project Administration Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We told this to our men. John O'Brien:It was definitely dark, it was definitely smelly and raunchy and dirty and that's the only places that we had to meet each other, was in the very dirty, despicable places. And you felt bad that you were part of this, when you knew they broke the law, but what kind of law was that? Dr. Socarides (Archival):I think the whole idea of saying "the happy homosexual" is to, uh, to create a mythology about the nature of homosexuality. Absolutely, and many people who were not lucky, felt the cops. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And I keep listening and listening and listening, hoping I'm gonna hear sirens any minute and I was very freaked. He brought in gay-positive materials and placed that in a setting that people could come to and feel comfortable in. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:If someone was dressed as a woman, you had to have a female police officer go in with her. A lot of them had been thrown out of their families. The cops would hide behind the walls of the urinals. They were supposed to be weak men, limp-wristed. She was awarded the first ever Emmy Award for Research for her groundbreaking work on Before Stonewall. It was right in the center of where we all were. Clever. Scott McPartland/Getty Images Cause we could feel a sense of love for each other that we couldn't show out on the street, because you couldn't show any affection out on the street. Giles Kotcher Transcript of Re-Release: The Stonewall | Happy Scribe Every arrest and prosecution is a step in the education of the public to the solution of the problem. Martin Boyce:In the early 60s, if you would go near Port Authority, there were tons of people coming in. Doing things like that. And we had no right to such. Newly restored for the 50th Anniversary of the Stonewall Riots, Before Stonewall pries open the . Gay people were not powerful enough politically to prevent the clampdown and so you had a series of escalating skirmishes in 1969. Because if they weren't there fast, I was worried that there was something going on that I didn't know about and they weren't gonna come. Leroy S. Mobley Stonewall: A riot that changed millions of lives - BBC News Lilli M. Vincenz And I said to myself, "Oh my God, this will not last.". There was all these drags queens and these crazy people and everybody was carrying on. Yvonne Ritter:It's like people who are, you know, black people who are used to being mistreated, and going to the back of the bus and I guess this was sort of our going to the back of the bus. It was a 100% profit, I mean they were stealing the liquor, then watering it down, and they charging twice as much as they charged one door away at the 55. Dick Leitsch:There were Black Panthers and there were anti-war people. Hunted, hunted, sometimes we were hunted. This was in front of the police. Maureen Jordan So if any one of you, have let yourself become involved with an adult homosexual, or with another boy, and you're doing this on a regular basis, you better stop quick. Few photographs of the raid and the riots that followed exist. That never happened before. And it was those loudest people, the most vulnerable, the most likely to be arrested, were the ones that were doing the real fighting. The history of the Gay and Lesbian community before the Stonewall riots began the major gay rights movement. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:As much as I don't like to say it, there's a place for violence. One time, a bunch of us ran into somebody's car and locked the door and they smashed the windows in. Patricia Yusah, Marketing and Communications Remember everything. Amber Hall I had never seen anything like that. We knew that this was a moment that we didn't want to let slip past, because it was something that we could use to bring more of the groups together. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:That night I'm in my office, I looked down the street, and I could see the Stonewall sign and I started to see some activity in front. BEFORE STONEWALL - Alliance of Women Film Journalists We had no speakers planned for the rally in Central Park, where we had hoped to get to. I have pondered this as "Before Stonewall," my first feature documentary, is back in cinemas after 35 years. We did use humor to cover pain, frustration, anger. John O'Brien:All of a sudden, the police faced something they had never seen before. I was a man. David Alpert 'Before Stonewall' Tracks the Pre-Movement Era | International Martin Boyce:Oh, Miss New Orleans, she wouldn't be stopped. This book, and the related documentary film, use oral histories to present students with a varied view of lesbian and gay experience. Frank Kameny Her most recent film, Bones of Contention, premiered in the 2016 Berlin International Abstract. That summer, New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in Greenwich Village. John DiGiacomo People that were involved in it like me referred to it as "The First Run." But it was a refuge, it was a temporary refuge from the street. It was as if they were identifying a thing. You needed a license even to be a beautician and that could be either denied or taken away from you. What Jimmy didn't know is that Ralph was sick. Narrator (Archival):This is one of the county's principal weekend gathering places for homosexuals, both male and female. Doric Wilson:In those days, the idea of walking in daylight, with a sign saying, "I'm a faggot," was horren--, nobody, nobody was ready to do that. The most infamous of those institutions was Atascadero, in California. Ellen Goosenberg And this went on for hours. But I was just curious, I didn't want to participate because number one it was so packed. You know, all of a sudden, I had brothers and sisters, you know, which I didn't have before. The Catholic Church, be damned to hell. And Howard said, "Boy there's like a riot gonna happen here," and I said, "yeah." There may be some here today that will be homosexual in the future. You gotta remember, the Stonewall bar was just down the street from there. And there, we weren't allowed to be alone, the police would raid us still. There were occasions where you did see people get night-sticked, or disappear into a group of police and, you know, everybody knew that was not going to have a good end. Fred Sargeant:Someone at this point had apparently gone down to the cigar stand on the corner and got lighter fluid. The New York State Liquor Authority refused to issue liquor licenses to many gay bars, and several popular establishments had licenses suspended or revoked for "indecent conduct.". John O'Brien:They had increased their raids in the trucks. Also, through this fight, the "LGBT" was born. And, I did not like parading around while all of these vacationers were standing there eating ice cream and looking at us like we were critters in a zoo. All rights reserved. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:All of a sudden, in the background I heard some police cars. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:There were all these articles in likeLife Magazineabout how the Village was liberal and people that were called homosexuals went there. First you gotta get past the door. Katrina Heilbroner Mayor John Lindsay, like most mayors, wanted to get re-elected. Before Stonewall (1984) Movie Script | Subs like Script Eric Marcus, Recreation Still Photography Atascadero was known in gay circles as the Dachau for queers, and appropriately so. Raymond Castro:There were mesh garbage cans being lit up on fire and being thrown at the police. Nobody. Jerry Hoose:I remember I was in a paddy wagon one time on the way to jail, we were all locked up together on a chain in the paddy wagon and the paddy wagon stopped for a red light or something and one of the queens said "Oh, this is my stop." As president of the Mattachine Society in New York, I tried to negotiate with the police and the mayor. Gay people were never supposed to be threats to police officers. The windows were always cloaked. And Vito and I walked the rest of the whole thing with tears running down our face. Samual Murkofsky Don't fire until I fire. Stonewall Tscript | PDF | Homosexuality | Lgbt kui Doric Wilson:There was joy because the cops weren't winning. His movements are not characteristic of a real boy. Martin Boyce:And I remember moving into the open space and grabbing onto two of my friends and we started singing and doing a kick line. Dick Leitsch:So it was mostly goofing really, basically goofing on them. Once it started, once that genie was out of the bottle, it was never going to go back in. Because he was homosexual. That summer, New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in Greenwich Village. And the cops got that. Yvonne Ritter:I had just turned 18 on June 27, 1969. Revisiting 'Before Stonewall' Film for the 50th Anniversary | Time Directors Greta Schiller Robert Rosenberg (co-director) Stars Rita Mae Brown Maua Adele Ajanaku They were just holding us almost like in a hostage situation where you don't know what's going to happen next. Suzanne Poli A sickness of the mind. Louis Mandelbaum Before Stonewall : Throughline : NPR Because one out of three of you will turn queer.
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