[53] Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. The sirens whistled. War produced a legacy of bitter resentment in politics, with the Democrats being identified with "treason and rebellion", a point much pressed home by their opponents. Because Maryland had not seceded from the United States the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all enslaved people within the Confederacy would henceforth be free. [3][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[1]. False history marginalizes African Americans and makes us all dumber", Point Lookout History, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, "TimesMachine April 15, 1865 - New York Times", "Lee-Jackson Memorial" Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog, "Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight", www.waymarking.com Rockville Civil War Monument - Rockville, Maryland, "As Confederate symbols come down, 'Talbot Boys' endures", National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Maryland, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. With the increase in men came overcrowding, decreased sanitation, shortages of food, and thus the proliferation of disease, filth, starvation, and death. [15] One of the men involved in this destruction would be arrested for it in May without recourse to habeas corpus, leading to the ex parte Merryman ruling. Despite the controversial number Confederates claiming only a few hundred and the Union claiming upwards of 15,000 mortalities the dreadful conditions Federal prisoners faced is unquestionable. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. civil War original matches. "The Lincoln Administration and Freedom of the Press in Civil War Maryland." Maryland businessmen feared the likely loss of trade that would be caused by war and the strong possibility of a blockade of Baltimore's port by the Union Navy. For a time it looked as if Maryland was one provocation away from joining the rebels, but Lincoln moved swiftly to defuse the situation, promising that the troops were needed purely to defend Washington, not to attack the South. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Because the state bordered the District of Columbia and the opposing factions within the state strongly desired to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the war. Slave wealth and entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland. My father was the neighborhood air raid warden. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. 127 Maryland, Frederick County, Frederick The Lost Order Shrouded in a Cloak of Mystery Antietam Campaign 1862 After crossing the Potomac River early in September 1862, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee reorganized the Army of Northern Virginia into three separate wings. Belle Isle operated from 1862 to 1865. As a result, the Rebels spent their winters shivering in biting cold and their summers in sweltering, pathogen-laden heat. A presentation in PowerPoint format about five remarkable women who made important contributions to the Union cause at various stages before, during, and after the critical years of the American Civil War. [citation needed], Thousands of Union troops were stationed in Charles County, and the Federal Government established a large, unsheltered prison camp at Point Lookout at Maryland's southern tip in St. Mary's County between the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay, where thousands of Confederates were kept, often in harsh conditions. The very nomination of Abraham Lincoln, four years ago, spoke plainly war upon Southern rights and institutions And looking upon African Slavery from the same stand-point held by the noble framers of our constitution, I for one, have ever considered it one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us,) that God has ever bestowed upon a favored nation I have also studied hard to discover upon what grounds the right of a State to secede has been denied, when our very name, United States, and the Declaration of Independence, both provide for secession.[80]. [12] Chaos ensued as a giant brawl began between fleeing soldiers, the violent mob, and the Baltimore police who tried to suppress the violence. [25] Butler then sent a letter to the commander of Fort McHenry: I have taken possession of Baltimore. WebThe American Civil War in Maryland's State Parks South Mountain Battlefield. The hospital staff is known to have assisted with the escape of several Maryland slaves while United States Colored Troops served as guards at the prison camp. The constitution was submitted to the people for ratification on October 13, 1864 and it was narrowly approved by a vote of 30,174 to 29,799 (50.31% to 49.69%) in a vote likely overshadowed by the heavy presence of Union troops in the state and the repression of Confederate sympathizers. Lincoln ignored the ruling of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in "Ex parte Merryman" decision in 1861 concerning freeing John Merryman, a prominent Southern sympathizer arrested by the military. However, modern interpretation of the evidence suggests did in fact face real supply shortages. While some historians contend that the deaths were chiefly the result of deliberate action/inaction on the part of Captain Wirz, others posit that they were the result of disease promoted by severe overcrowding. Most prisoners had already been imprisoned in Andersonville. 18,000 Confederates were incarcerated there by the end of the war. It is located along the coast of Maryland only five feet above sea level, on approximately 30 acres of level land. The use of triage, general anesthesia, and pain management will be discussed. WebMaryland's Civil War Trails Base Camp. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War WebThe POW Camps in Maryland during World War II included: Edgewood Arsenal (Chemical Warfare Center), Gunpowder, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Holabird Signal Depot, Baltimore, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Hunt (Fort), Sheridan Point, Calvert County, MD (base camp) Meade (Fort George G.), near Odenton, Anne Arundel County, MD His neighbors are so bitter against him that he dare not go home, and he committed himself so decidedly on the 19th April and is known to be so decided a Southerner, that it more than likely he would be thrown into a Fort. The poet Walt Whitman was driven to comment on the shocking living arrangements at Belle Isle after encountering surviving prisoners, appalled at "the measureless torments of thehelpless young men, with all their humiliations, hunger, cold, filth, despair, hope utterly given out, and the more and more frequent mental imbecility.". However, as the war progressed, the conditions at Salisbury plummeted. The Underground Railroad Movement: Riding the Freedom Train Reenactor: Candace Ridington. It was the largest Union POW camp and one of the most secure, as it was [45], The 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment was officially formed on June 16, 1861, and, on June 25, two additional companies joined the regiment in Winchester. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! See discussion and tabulation on pp. Maryland, as a slave-holding border state, was deeply divided over the antebellum arguments over states' rights and the future of slavery in the Union. Civil War veterans did it differently. In 1861, while the population was quite low, the death rate hovered around 2%. The Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at Blockhouse PointSpeaker: Don Housley. Spoiler alert:Washingtondidnt fall. WebCumberland Civil War Forts (1860's), Cumberland Union defenses included: Fort Hill Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. The Battle of Monocacy was fought on July 9, just outside Frederick, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. Lastly, Stuarts army captured and controlled a large Union wagon train laden with supplies, which became a significant impediment to Stuarts expeditious travel onward to Pennsylvania. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through our, We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War. Confederate States Army bands would later play the song after they crossed into Maryland territory during the Maryland Campaign in 1862.[13]. In March 1862, the Maryland Assembly passed a series of resolutions, stating that: This war is prosecuted by the Nation with but one object, that, namely, of a restoration of the Union just as it was when the rebellion broke out. August 17 Union troops withdraw from the town to the Maryland shore. Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. Stuarts men came through Rockville and captured her husband. Elmira Prison, also known as "Hellmira," opened in July of 1864. Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). Although tactically inconclusive, the Battle of Antietam is considered a strategic Union victory and an important turning point of the war, because it forced the end of Lee's invasion of the North, and it allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect on January 1, 1863. One month later in October 1861 one John Murphy asked the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia to issue a writ of habeas corpus for his son, then in the United States Army, on the grounds that he was underage. In June 1863 General Lee's army again advanced north into Maryland, taking the war into Union territory for the second time. Maryland Humanities Council (2001). [51], A similar situation existed in relation to Marylanders serving in the United States Colored Troops. WebCivil War Campsites in Maryland C&O Canal Campgrounds. There formerly was a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". 51-52. See, e.g., C. R. Gibbs' Black, Copper, and Bright, Silver Spring, Maryland, 2002. 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. He and his comrades had been captured during a bloody battle at Plymouth, North Carolina. Imprisoned in both Andersonville and Florence, Private John McElroy noted in his book Andersonville: a Story of Rebel Military Prisons that I think also that all who experienced confinement in the two places are united in pronouncing Florence to be, on the whole, much the worse place and more fatal to life. In October 1864, 20 to 30 prisoners died per day. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. More Americans died in battle on September 17, 1862, than on any other day in the nation's military history. 3. Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). [3][32] One of those arrested was militia captain John Merryman, who was held without trial in defiance of a writ of habeas corpus on May 25, sparking the case of Ex parte Merryman, heard just 2 days later on May 27 and 28. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. Jim Johnston uses the statues to tell the story of the Civil War and of the artistry that went into them. Confederate casualties were 10,318 with 1,546 dead. [35] Two of the publishers selling his book were then arrested. ", Schearer, Michael. ", Cannon, Jessica Ann. For the next two days, Stuarts cavalry engaged in several actions that would, in varying degrees, hinder and delay their movement north to join the Confederate forces in Pennsylvania. But, as S. Waite "Start-up nation? One prisoner in seven died, for a total of 4,200 deaths by 1865. Because of this previous imprisonment, they were weaker and more susceptible to the harsh conditions and communicable diseases that flourished at Florence Stockade. [52], Overall, the Official Records of the War Department credits Maryland with 33,995 white enlistments in volunteer regiments of the United States Army and 8,718 African American enlistments in the United States Colored Troops. This represented 25% of the Federal force and 31% of the Confederate. How many were citizens of Maryland when they enlisted does not appear. While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year.